Money

Average Return Calculator

Calculate arithmetic mean, geometric mean, and volatility of investment returns.

CALCULATOR

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Instant results

Average Return Result

6.27%
Geometric Mean Return
Arithmetic Mean6.50%
Volatility (Std Dev)7.26%

THE NUMORIX GUIDE

How to use the Average Return Calculator

Last reviewed September 14, 2026

What this calculator does

The calculator parses comma-separated return percentages, ignores entries that cannot be parsed as numbers, and computes arithmetic mean as sum divided by count.

Formula and method

The calculator parses comma-separated return percentages, ignores entries that cannot be parsed as numbers, and computes arithmetic mean as sum divided by count. Geometric mean is the nth root of the product of (1 + return/100) minus 1. Volatility is sample standard deviation, dividing squared deviations from the arithmetic mean by n - 1.

Variables and inputs

Enter annual returns as a comma-separated string such as 8, 12, -5. The years field exists in the input type but the current component does not use it; each parsed return is treated as one observation. Results are percentages.

Worked example

For two annual returns of 10% and -10%, arithmetic mean is (10 + -10) / 2 = 0%. Geometric mean is sqrt(1.10 x 0.90) - 1 = about -0.50%, showing the effect of compounding. Sample volatility is sqrt(((10 - 0)^2 + (-10 - 0)^2) / (2 - 1)) = 14.14%.

How to interpret the result

Arithmetic mean summarizes the average observation, while geometric mean summarizes the compounded path when returns are usable. Volatility shows dispersion, not a guarantee of future risk or a complete measure of portfolio loss.

Common mistakes to avoid

Keep the minus sign on negative years. Do not use an arithmetic average as an annualized growth rate when returns compound. Check for accidental text or blank entries because the parser silently ignores values it cannot parse.

Assumptions and limitations

The result is unweighted and assumes each parsed return represents one equal period. It does not account for deposits, withdrawals, fees, taxes, serial correlation, benchmark choice, or returns below -100% that make geometric compounding invalid.

Sources and references

COMMON QUESTIONS

Frequently asked questions

When should I use geometric mean?

Use it when the observations represent consecutive compounded growth periods and you want one equivalent per-period growth rate. It will differ from the arithmetic mean when returns vary.

Is volatility the same as risk of loss?

No. It is the sample standard deviation of the entered returns. It does not identify the chance of a loss, maximum drawdown, liquidity risk, or future behavior.

Does the years field change the result?

Not in the current component. The engine calculates from the parsed return list, so the number of valid comma-separated observations determines the result.

FROM THE NUMORIX GUIDES

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