Physics

Radioactive Decay Calculator

Calculate radioactive decay using N(t) = N₀ × (1/2)^(t/t½).

CALCULATOR

Enter your numbers

Instant results
29.8292
Percent Decayed:70.17%
Decay Constant (λ):0.00012097 s⁻¹

λ = ln(2) / t½ = 0.693147 / 5730 = 1.2097e-4 s⁻¹

N(t) = N₀ × e^(−λt) = 100 × e^(−1.2097e-4 × 10000) = 29.8292

Percent decayed = ((N₀ − N) / N₀) × 100 = 70.17%

THE NUMORIX GUIDE

How to use the Radioactive Decay Calculator

Last reviewed September 14, 2026

What this calculator does

The engine first obtains the decay constant from lambda = ln(2)/t1/2, then applies N(t) = N0*exp(-lambda*t).

Formula and method

The engine first obtains the decay constant from lambda = ln(2)/t1/2, then applies N(t) = N0*exp(-lambda*t). It reports remaining amount, percent decayed = ((N0 - N)/N0)*100, and the decay constant; the entered half-life and time must use the same time unit.

Variables and inputs

Enter an initial amount, half-life, and elapsed time. The amount can be a count, mass, or activity-like quantity as long as the model uses one consistent quantity; no unit labels are collected. The live UI has no positive-value validation, and the engine's step text labels lambda as s^-1 even when the entered time is not seconds.

Worked example

For N0 = 100, half-life = 5730 time units, and t = 10000 time units, lambda = ln(2)/5730 = about 1.2097e-4 per time unit. The engine gives N(t) = 29.8292 and percent decayed = 70.17%.

How to interpret the result

The result is the expected remaining amount for a large population of identical unstable nuclei. Half-life is the time for the expected amount to halve; it does not mean each individual atom waits exactly that long before decaying.

Common mistakes to avoid

Use the same unit for half-life and elapsed time, and do not enter the decay constant where the half-life field is expected. Distinguish remaining percentage from percent decayed, especially after more than one half-life.

Assumptions and limitations

This is a single-isotope exponential model with no daughter-product chain, replenishment, background, detector efficiency, or sample uncertainty. Negative or zero inputs are not rejected by the live component, and the hardcoded s^-1 label can be misleading when the input unit is years or another time unit.

Sources and references

COMMON QUESTIONS

Frequently asked questions

How is half-life related to the decay constant?

They are related by lambda = ln(2)/t1/2. A shorter half-life produces a larger decay constant and therefore a faster exponential decrease.

Does 70% decayed mean I can identify which atoms decayed?

No. It is a population-level expectation from the exponential model. Radioactive decay of an individual nucleus is probabilistic, so the observed count can differ from the exact expectation.