Math

System of Equations Calculator

Solve 2x2 systems of linear equations using Cramer's rule with detailed step-by-step solutions.

CALCULATOR

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Instant results
x = 1.000000, y = 2.000000
Determinant = -5
System of equations:
2x + 3y = 8
1x + -1y = -1
Using Cramer's rule
Determinant D = (2)(-1) - (1)(3) = -5
Dx = (8)(-1) - (-1)(3) = -5
Dy = (2)(-1) - (1)(8) = -10
x = Dx / D = -5.000000 / -5 = 1.000000
y = Dy / D = -10.000000 / -5 = 2.000000

THE NUMORIX GUIDE

How to use the System of Equations Calculator

Last reviewed September 14, 2026

What this calculator does

For a1*x+b1*y=c1 and a2*x+b2*y=c2, calculate determinant D=a1*b2-a2*b1, then Cramer's numerators Dx=c1*b2-c2*b1 and Dy=a1*c2-a2*c1; x=Dx/D and y=Dy/D.

Formula and method

For a1*x+b1*y=c1 and a2*x+b2*y=c2, calculate determinant D=a1*b2-a2*b1, then Cramer's numerators Dx=c1*b2-c2*b1 and Dy=a1*c2-a2*c1; x=Dx/D and y=Dy/D.

Variables and inputs

The default system is 2x+3y=8 and x-y=-1. Inputs are six coefficients/constants, all unitless unless the equations model quantities.

Worked example

For the defaults: D=2*(-1)-1*3=-5; Dx=8*(-1)-(-1)*3=-5; Dy=2*(-1)-1*8=-10; x=(-5)/(-5)=1 and y=(-10)/(-5)=2.

How to interpret the result

The solution is the intersection of two lines when their determinant is nonzero. A zero determinant means there is no unique intersection.

Common mistakes to avoid

Keep equation coefficients paired correctly, and do not divide by a zero determinant. Check both original equations after solving.

Assumptions and limitations

The engine returns x=0,y=0 when D is zero even though the system may have no solution or infinitely many solutions; the steps correctly state that there is no unique solution.

Practical use and checks

The System of Equations Calculator solves two linear equations in x and y with Cramer's rule. Enter 2x + 3y = 8 and x - y = -1 as a check. The determinant is -5, and the solution should be x = 1 and y = 2, which satisfies both equations. Substitution is the best practical check: 2(1) + 3(2) equals 8, and 1 - 2 equals -1. Use the tool for intersecting lines, two-resource allocations, or a small simultaneous-balance problem. The determinant tells you whether there is a unique intersection. A zero or near-zero determinant means the equations are parallel, identical, or otherwise lack a unique solution; the engine returns zero placeholders for x and y in that case, so rely on the step text rather than calling them a valid solution. Coefficients must describe the same x and y units in both equations, and a mathematically valid pair may still violate a nonnegative quantity constraint in an application. The method handles only two equations and two unknowns, not inequalities, nonlinear terms, measurement error, or an overdetermined dataset. Near-singular inputs can produce large changes from small rounding differences, so retain source precision and inspect the determinant before making a real allocation or engineering decision.

Sources and references

COMMON QUESTIONS

Frequently asked questions

What does determinant zero mean?

The lines are parallel or coincident, so the system does not have one unique solution; inspect the equations to distinguish the cases.

How should I check x and y?

Substitute both values into both equations and verify both left sides equal their constants.

FROM THE NUMORIX GUIDES

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